Environmental regulation of oil and gas Essay

Demand and supply Introduction            The global oil and gas industry face an External Environment that is more dynamic, more challenging, and more diverse; less understood and has greater information symmetry. These Environmental factors include: Political, Economic, Technological, Legal, Environmental and social factors.            Political Environment: This involves the risk that political decisions and events that occur worldwide can affect the profitability and sustainability of the investment in the global oil and gas industry. Political decisions are very diverse thus they influence the oil and gas industry. For example, if there is political unrest in the major Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) there could be no smooth operations of the oil and gas industry, thus oil and gas companies tend to prefer countries with stable political systems and a history that can guarantee long-term Leases.            Economic Environment: The economic development directly influences; the policymakers, citizens managers and institutions. The Gross national income (GNI) generated by both the domestic and international production activities of national companies and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries do generally shape the global industry of oil and gas. The economical factors include; Inflation rate, Prevailing interest rates, unemployment level and the level of disposable income and income distribution.            Technological environment: These relate to the applications of new innovations such as Websites Internet as a business tool. Thus the oil and gas organizations need to be aware of the latest relevant technologies for them to succeed and surf the wave of change. Dubai as significant producer of oil and gas            Dubai is a major player in the world market and its role in international trade cannot be overemphasized since it contributes almost 10 percent in this trade. This country has repeatedly dominated the international market arena due to the following reasons, one it occupies a very strategic position in the middle of U.A.E coast and additionally it has one of the most efficient harbors in the world hence playing a crucial role in the transportation of goods between East and West markets. Also Dubai in the recent years has pursued to strengthen its strategic location by pursuing a free and balanced economic policy therefore gaining an international reputation which has not only seen the increase of Foreign direct investments (FDI) and also growth of service, commercial and industrial fields. Dubai is also endowed with natural resources like oil, gas just to name a few and also it has one of the best infrastructure in the world and therefore this resource and proper sy stems has seen the economy of Dubai take off in a way never witnessed before. The aim of this paper is to explore Dubai as a primary producer of oil and gas and its place in the international trade of oil and gas arena. References ASWATHAPPA, K. (2010). International business. New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill Education. GAO, Z. (1998). Environmental regulation of oil and gas. London [u.a.], Kluwer Law Internat.LAX, H. L. (1983). Political risk in the international oil and gas industry. Boston, International Human Resources Development Corp MACDONALD, D. (2007). Business and environmental politics in Canada. Peterborough, Ont. [u.a.], Broadview Press. NEELANKAVIL, J. P., & RAI, A. (2009). Basics of international business. Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe Source document

Langston Hughes’s Harlem

His parents divorced when he was a small child, and his father moved to Mexico. He was raised by his grandmother until he was thirteen, when he moved to Lincoln, Illinois, to live with his mother and her husband, before the family eventually settled in Cleveland, Ohio. Hughes had a very poor relationship with his father. He lived with his father in Mexico for a brief period in 1919. Upon graduating from high school in June 1920, Hughes returned to Mexico to live with his father, hoping to convince him to support Langston's plan to attend Columbia University.Hughes later said that, prior to arriving in Mexico: â€Å"l had been hinking about my father and his strange dislike of his own people. I didn't understand it, because I was a Negro, and I liked Negroes very much. Initially, his father had hoped for Hughes to attend a university abroad, and to study for a career in engineering. On these grounds, he was willing to provide financial assistance to his son but did not support his de sire to be a writer. Eventually, Hughes and his father came to a compromise: Hughes would study engineering, so long as he could attend Columbia.His tuition provided; Hughes left his father after more than a year. While at Columbia in 1921, Hughes managed to maintain a 8+ grade average. He left in 1922 because of racial prejudice, and his interests revolved more around the neighborhood of Harlem than his studies, though he continued writing poetry. In Lincoln, Illinois, Hughes had begun writing poetry. Following graduation, he spent a year in Mexico and a year at Columbia University. During these years, he held odd lobs as an assistant cook, launderer, and a busboy, and travelled to Africa and Europe working as a seaman.In November 1924, he moved to Washington, D. C. Hughes's first book of poetry, The Weary Blues, was published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1926. He finished his college education at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania three years later. In 1930 his first novel, Not without L aughter, won the Harmon gold medal for literature. Hughes, who claimed Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Carl Sandburg, and Walt Whitman as his primary influences, is particularly known for his insightful, colorful portrayals of black life in America from the twenties through the sixties.Langston Hughes died of complications from prostate cancer in May 22, 1967, in New York. In his memory, his residence at 20 East 127th Street in Harlem, New York City, has been iven landmark status by the New York City Preservation Commission, and East 127th Street nas been renamed â€Å"Langston Hughes Place. † First published in The Crisis in 1921, â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† became Hughes's signature poem which was collected in his first book of poetry The Weary Blues in 1926. Hughes's first and last published poems appeared in The Crisis; more of his poems were published in The Crisis than in any other Journal.Hughes's life and work were enormously influential during the Harlem Renaissan ce of the 1920s, alongside those of his contemporaries, Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, Richard Bruce Nugent, and Aaron Douglas. Except for McKay, they worked together also to create the short-lived magazine Fire, devoted to younger Negro artists. Hughes and his contemporaries had different goals and aspirations than the black middle class. They criticized the men known as the midwives of the Harlem Renaissance: W. E. B.Du Bois, Jessie Redmon Fauset, and Alain LeRoy Locke, as being overly accommodating and assimilating Eurocentric values and culture to achieve social equality. Langston Hughes is famous for his poems during the Harlem Renaissance. In his poems he incorporated the real lives of blacks n the lower social-economic strata. He criticized the divisions and prejudices based on skin color within the black community. Hughes wrote what would be considered their manifesto, â€Å"The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain† published in The Nation in 1926.Hughes identified as unashamedly black at a time when blackness was d ©mod ©. He stressed the theme of â€Å"black is beautiful† as he explored the black human condition in a variety of depths. His main concern was the uplift of his people, whose strengths, resiliency, courage, and humor he wanted to record as part of the general American experience. His poetry and fiction portrayed the lives of the working-class blacks in America, lives he portrayed as full of struggle, Joy, laughter, and music.Permeating his work is pride in the African-American identity and its diverse culture. â€Å"My seeking has been to explain and illuminate the Negro condition in America and obliquely that of all human kind,† Hughes is quoted as saying. He confronted racial stereotypes, protested social conditions, and expanded African America's image of itself; a â€Å"people's poet† who sought to reeducate both audience and artist by lifting the theory of the black aesthetic into reality. Langston Hughes has many famous poems; Mother to Son, 50:50, but my favorite is Harlem (A Dream Deferred). Harlem† is a lyric poem with irregular rhyme and an irregular metrical pattern that sums up the white oppression of blacks in America. It first appeared in 1951 in a collection of Hughes's poetry, Montage ofa Dream Deferred. In 1951 †the year of the poem's publication†frustration characterized the mood of American blacks. The Civil War in the previous century had liberated them from slavery, and federal laws had granted them the right to vote, the right to own property, and so on. However, continuing prejudice against blacks, as well as laws passed since the Civil War, relegated them to second-class citizenship.Consequently, blacks had to attend poorly equipped segregated schools and settle for menial Jobs as porters, ditch-diggers, servants, shoeshine boys, and so on. In many states, blacks could not use the same public facilities as w hites, including restrooms, restaurants, theaters, and parks. Access to other facilities, such as buses, required them to take a back seat, literally, to whites. By the mid-Twentieth Century, their frustration with nferior status became a powder keg, and the fuse was burning.Hughes well underst what the tuture held, as ne indicates in the last line ot the poem. Langston Hughes's poem â€Å"Harlem (A Dream Deferred)† is about what happens to dreams when they are put on hold. Hughes probably intended for the poem to focus on the dreams of African-Americans in particular because he originally entitled the poem â€Å"Harlem,† which is the capital of African American life in the United States; however, it is Just as easy to read the poem as being about dreams in general and what happens when people postpone making them come true.Ultimately, Hughes uses a carefully arranged series of images that also function as figures of speech to suggest that people should not delay their dreams because the more they postpone them, the more the dreams will change and the less likely they will come true. Harlem (A Dream Deferred) is my favorite Langston Hughes's poems because he is talking about how problems are in the world we are living in. He knows that African Americans have their freedom and rights now but, they are still issue with unfair treatment. Hughes dreams that his race keeps battling through adversity and hopes that things will get better.I think what makes Langston Hughes poems so popular is his interaction to his audience. Hughes relates and involves real world events in his poems. Langston Hughes was one of the most important writers and thinkers of the Harlem Renaissance, which was the African American artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated black life and culture. Hughes's creative genius was influenced by his life in New York City's Harlem, a primarily African American neighborhood. His literary works helped shape American literature and po litics. Hughes, like others active in the Harlem Renaissance, had a strong sense of racial pride

A technique called method acting

A technique called method acting The controversy surrounding emotion training such as method acting still remains a poignant subject when discussing actor training (Chabora) but despite its controversy the technique called method acting is still popular, particularly in America where it was created (20thC training). In Method acting, the body is encouraged to respond to a series of stimulus that the actor has collected throughout their training. It emphasizes the importance of authenticity in a make-believe world. (method acting Krasner p5) The technique was developed using some of the ideas of Stanislavski’s system but has evolved over time with the input of various actors and directors (20thC training p129). The teaching of the method in America was instigated by Stanislavski’s students Richard Boleslavsky and Maria Ouspenskaya, their aim was to train actors to find depth in their characters. (20thC training p130) One of their students, Lee Strasberg became one of the founding members of Group Theat re (20thC training p130) who’s ethos promoted the use of real emotion on stage as opposed to it being suggested (20thC training p130). Despite, being director most associated with the method (20thC training p134) Richard Hornby (2002) states that even though Strasberg used Stanislavski’s name in order to advertise his own method of teaching, Boleslavsky was Strasberg’s sole link to them (end of acting p182). It was Strasberg’s belief that emotions are the most fundamental tool in the actor’s repertoire. (Chapora p231) He looks in particular at psychological processes, and is primarily concerned with the actor’s process rather than performance (20thC training p129). It is Strasberg’s affective/emotion memory that is his most controversial technique derived from Stanislavski’s work on Ivan Pavlov’s research (20thC training p135). This technique highlights the importance of actors using their own experiences and beliefs enc ouraging the actor to live the life of the character (20thC training p130). He believed the body to be stimulated by recalled experiences (20thC training p134) and affective/emotion memory exercise puts this belief into practice. It encourages the actor to remember corporeal feelings by way of examining personal cues, such as an object which holds emotional connotations for them. The next stage is bringing to mind memories (method acting Krasner p12 because as Strasberg noted, the most valuable memories are those buried deep in the actor’s subconscious. He suggests that the further back you explore, the more intense the memory. (Chabora p231) A common misconception about Strasberg’s affective/emotion memory is that it is the actor aim to remember the emotion contained within a memory, but this is not the case. The actor, instead of concentrating on how the event made them feel, remembers other details such as sight, sounds and smells (Chabora p231) which then cause the emotion to develop organically because â€Å"remembering a ‘situation’ in all of its vivid, sensory details†¦evokes a rich nexus of images that then facilitates a feeling response† (cognitive neuroscience P44). Each exploration into the ‘sensory details’ of a memory helps to build a collection which can be used during the actor’s process. (Chabora p231). Strasberg himself understood the risk of using this technique; only allowing people to train after studying their psychiatric records (Chabora p233) and also acknowledged that the emotional intensity of the memory may change over time. (Chabora p233)

Internal Auditing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Auditing - Case Study Example One of the internal control mechanisms that the organization failed to utilize optimally is preventive control. Preventing control in internal auditing is essential because it is the first barrier that protects the organization from risks that are detrimental to its performance, growth and financial stand. The principal risks are operating errors, technological malfunction, negative regulatory pronouncements such as unfair suspensions of employees, and fraud. In Krenik’s case, the risk that internal audit failed to stop was Fraud. Had there been a strong internal control, the organization would have developed a transparent payment system such as e payables systems that would have prevented fraud (Rezaee, 2002). Detective control plays a key role in spotting irregularities that have already happened within the organization. The aim of detective control is to develop necessary methodologies and tools that can easily spot errors and irregularity within the functional areas of the organization. In this internal auditing measure, internal auditors are useful when testing risky processes and procedures. In Krenik's case, the organization failed to detect fraud because it did not have an ardent detective control mechanism that would have detected financial malpractices and it took the intervention of the bank to detect the fraud. Failure to regularly reconcile financial documents between US Airforce and the supplier and inability to make appropriate and regular follow -up of payment procedures provided a loophole through which fraud occurred (Frigo, 2002). Corrective control in internal auditing assists in correcting irregularities and errors that have been spotted within the organization’s financial data and operations. In Krenik’s case, the corrective measures to prevent future frauds are developing strong preventive control measures such as prompt and through reconciliation of transactions with the suppliers, developing an electronic payment system that is efficient and fast, and conducting regular checks on financial statements’ information.

Strategic ManagementProvide a strategic analysis of Marks and Spencer Essay

Strategic ManagementProvide a strategic analysis of Marks and Spencer and make recommendations for its future development and direction - Essay Example Their finance division is currently tiny, but growing rapidly. 300 out of 379 stores are in the UK; their European stores are run as franchises; they also have US subsidiaries under different names. They sell 35% of the UK lingerie market, 25% of men's suits, and 50% of chilled ready meals. For more than half a century Marks & Spencer was the epitome of enlightened capitalism, dominating the British high street and providing shoppers with quality and value clothing unrivalled by competitors. Then in November 1998, profits began to fall and an attempted boardroom coup rocked the company to its core as a tale of ambition, treachery and incompetence unfolded. Within a few months the Press declared open season on what had been its favourite retailer and suddenly the company that had been unable to do any wrong, could do no right. New management and armies of consultants have worked frantically to reverse the trend and in the autumn of 2001, George Davies the creator of Next, launched a new range of fashionable clothes to tempt shoppers back. Whether or not he succeeds, Marks & Spencer may never regain its former status. Organization culture: It is the 'basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken-for granted fashion an organization's view of itself and its environment'. Such taken-for-granted assumption are also likely to exist at the organizational level-the organizational paradigm-and can be especially important as an influence on the development of organizational strategy. The 80's saw a massive growth of interest in culture and symbolism in organisations by practitioners as well as academics. Culture and symbolism is about meaning and imagery. They are terms used to highlight the softer' features of organisation. The patterning of action within organisation is treated as a web of meanings and symbols rather than as a hard' structure or system. The key to both understanding organisations and to controlling organisations is seen to lie in their analysis as cultures (e.g. values, myths, ceremonies, etc.). The explanation of why people act as they do may lie not in a combination of "objective" and "subjective" factors, but in a network of meanings which constitute a "world taken for granted" (Schutz, (1964) by the participants. Indeed, "objective" factors, such as technology and market structure, are literally meaningful only in terms of the sense that is attached to them by those who are concerned and the end to which they are related... Organisations do not react to their environment, their members do. People act in terms of their own and not the observer's definition of the situation' (Silverman's, 1970) A key for sustainability of all organization is to change and evolve continuously to match with its environment out side its window in which it operates. Until the late 1990s M&S have been very successful. It worked to achieve this esteem by applying a structured formula to all its operations and maintained it by establishing a set of fundamental principles, which were held as core to the organization and used in all of its business activities since its birth. Their paradigm help them in the past but the same paradigm didn't worked in the

Managing people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing people - Essay Example The purpose of writing this paper is to identify the ethical policies and practices of an organization, its benefits and effects on stakeholders, and how people at the managerial level play their role in developing and implementing organization’s ethical policies and practice. Corporate level managers and executives are facing a lot of pressure from the external forces to maintain their ethical records. External forces may include government, legislative bodies, consumers, and employees etc. The objective of adopting ethical principles and practice is to provide ground for the development of modern ideas of doing work and collaborative efforts for business activities. Traditional concept of doing business aiming higher profit and enrichment of shareholders is no more successive because business ethics are now important aspect that every manager has to deal with (George 1982). Ethical managers believe in the fulfilment of following aspects: Achievement of corporate social respo nsibility Development of fair trade policies with business partners Ethical leadership, supervision, and control Community development Mutual cooperation (with employees and other stakeholders) Fair production and distribution Environmental protection Communal enterprise Fulfilling social rights, employee empowerment, and work life balance (Crane and Matten 2007). Managers who believe in serving ethical behaviour and practices gain more and achieve higher degree of cooperation and trust from their stakeholders. Adoption of ethical values results in higher revenues due to positive sentiments amongst general public and higher demand from the customers. It develops strong moral as well as financial support from ethical investors, and increases brand awareness and brand recognition. Moreover, ethical behaviour increases employee satisfaction, commitment, and their loyalty towards job and finally, it generates better corporate image and goodwill for the business (Andreasen 2001). On the other hand, managers may also face some drawbacks or disadvantages by adopting ethical policies such as higher costs for promoting corporate image and compliance with the fair trade policies with suppliers without quality compromise. Another disadvantage can be the development of false or wrong expectations among stakeholders. Organizations also lose their freedom to maximize profit. For example, an organization transfers its manufacturing facility to an underdeveloped country for less costly production due to the availability of cheap labour. Practices like child labour, poor work safety, and low wages are acceptable in that country, but all these may not be permissible in organization’s ethical policies and practices, therefore managers and other executives would compromise on profitability giving higher consideration to the values that the company holds for the society it operates in (Andreasen 2001). According to Milton Friedman, â€Å"primary and only responsibility of business is to make money† (Duska 2007). This statement can be true to some extent and most of the supporters of this view suggest that self-interest of an organization seeking profit automatically benefits the overall society. It is true that all profitable businesses provide benefits to their shareholders but stakeholders may or may not get their share. Stakeholders basically are those people or groups who directly or indirectly get benefits from organizations. Stakeholder includes shareholders, employees and their families, the

The Basis for Proper Gender Relations among Jews and in Judaism Essay - 6

The Basis for Proper Gender Relations among Jews and in Judaism - Essay Example The origin of God: Judaism stands on a firm monotheism and faith in one single and inseparable God and they believe that His unity started a long time in their Jewish traditions. They believe that He is the creator of the cosmos and all that the world has .due to this they came to build proper gender relation because they are both (male and female) created in the image and likeness of God (Bleich 23). The scripture also stands out has the key basis for proper gender and relations and this because the Hebrew Bible sometimes called the Tanakh is the Jewish scriptural canon and essential source of Jewish regulation because all the ethical and proper commands of the teachers of the law are found in it. The scripture teaches people to relate well to others and it forbids discrimination. Reward and punishment also stand to be the basis of proper gender relation. Jewish outlook is that God will recompense those who adhere to His commandments and discipline those who deliberately disobey them.

Introduction to corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to corporate finance - Essay Example The essential element of such a relationship exists in the significant correlation between prevailing rates of interests and the past changes in the bond prices which are averaged on a weighted basis. This results in the reflection of the effects on the price levels over longer duration of time. (Irving Fisher) Fisher separation is the foundation to the theory of finance. (Moneyterms) This formed the foundation on which the modern day Present Value theories have been established. Fisher's contribution to the theory of finance with respect to the valuation of shares is based on the basis of future earnings and the present value of the earnings on the shares. This paper analyses the propositions on which the share valuation model advocated by Fisher was based and also the newer models that help mitigating the difficulties faced in the Fisher's Model. Fisher attributed the correlation between the prevailing rates of interest and the past changes in the prices of bonds which are averaged using a weighted index, to a not-so-perfect estimation about the expected inflationary tendencies and the resulting intention of the investor to extrapolate the likely future price level changes in the bonds so that the investor may be able to ad... This is known as 'Fisher effect' and is the model that Fisher advocated for use in the valuation of bonds. But it can be observed that the present day analysts use this proposition not only for bond valuation but also for the stocks. In the case of equities it is the forecast of the sustainable growth rate that replicates the interest rate factor of the bond valuation. The 'forecast growth rate' of stocks is the modern day innovation in the financial theory relating to the share valuation and trading. This stand of Fisher was substantiated by Robert F. Wiese. Wiese stated that "the proper price of any security, whether a stock or a bond, is the sum of all the future income payments discounted at the current rate of interest in order to arrive at the present value" John Burr Williams (1938) further describes this theory by stating, "A stock is worth the present value of its future dividends, with future dividends dependent on future earnings. Value thus depends on the distribution rat e for earnings, which rate is itself determined by the reinvestment needs of the business." Propositions of Fisher's Model of Share Valuation The assessment made by Irving Fisher immediately after the crash in the share prices in the year 1929, described the following attributes as determinants of the share price movements in the market, since the share price in the market is determined largely by the discounted value of future earnings in the form of dividends from the respective stock. According to Fisher basically these attributes contribute to the upward changes in the price levels of stocks: (1) "Because the earnings are continually plowed-back into business instead of being declared as dividends" In this statement

Criticial review on Guillermo del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth film (2006) Essay

Criticial review on Guillermo del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth film (2006) - Essay Example This paper provides a critical analysis of this film. The plot of the film is set in the civil war of Spain. It revolves around a quest by an 11 year old girl called Ofelia. The girl is sensitive and faces relocation to a secluded military camp with her sick mother. The commander of the camp is the girl’s step father. He is the main antagonist in the film and is undoubtedly an extraordinarily vicious and cruel person. From an oppressive environment, the little girl moves to the fantasy world. Here, she follows a dragonfly and is taken to witness worlds that are full of spellbinding enchantment. Ofeila then meets a type of faun (a goatish god ling pan). He tells her that she is destined to be the successor of the whole kingdom. However, she had to complete three tasks for her to meet her family and stay in the real world. The little girl finds herself torn between the real world and the fantasy world (Gill & Roy, 2010 p45). The film employs the cunning use of imagery in the plo t development. In the film, it is noticed that Ofelia experiences the presence of monsters in both the fantasy world and the real world. One compelling reason to watch films by Guillermo is excellent acting. This film is a superb example of a film with talented actors, who play their roles significantly well. The role of Ofelia is well played by actress Ivana Baquero as she experiences her ordeal in both the fantasy and the real worlds. ... The film is exceptionally mature since it is a majestic and dark piece of fantasy that is filled with satyrs, fairies and toads (Guillermo, 2006 p2). When viewing the bloody aftermath of the Spanish war from a waist-high vantage point of his heroine child Ofelia, the director splits the action in the film between the two worlds; fantasy and reality. The film is made astounding through the vision of the director. This is because the doodles of his sketchbook are well crafted by the production team to bring to life the haunted forests, the subterranean worlds, and the giant toads. Very fantasy moment in the film drips with its significance (Guillermo, 2006 p3). Pan’s world may be one of dark fantasy, but the fantasy world is not near disturbing than the world that Ofelia is trying to escape from. In the real world, her father holds court. He rules his military post with clinical and vicious violence as he tries his very best to rid the country of all the guerrillas left. He play s the role of a true monster in the film, as a fascist ogre that is in clad to the domination of Franco’s regime. The director scores a veritable coup when he sets his mythical beasts alongside the portrait of evil possessed by Lopez. He dissects the horror that is associated with fascism under the disguise of a fantasy flick (Moscowitz, 2009 p67). This film is a fantasy/horror cinema that is molded around a core of politics. Del Toro’s trademark of visual fair gets its chance to shine from this film. The tale is rendered so well on the screen that the subtitles are barely needed. Every actor excels in their role, and this makes the film compelling from the beginning to the end. The movie does not miss

The Big Data Challenges Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Big Data Challenges - Case Study Example ral platform referred to as data ware house that helps integrate data from different sources such as; customers and dealers to name just but a few (Strader, 2011). The CIO chair at Volvo asserted that, through the establishment of a central platform, the company can be able to prevent potential losses and inherent risk that might occur in the future (Strader, 2011). The corporation captures data from vehicles sold to their customers through sensors and central processing units installed during car manufacturing (Strader, 2011). The data captured is then used to make necessary improvements on the model vehicles being manufactured (Verganti, 2009).This improvement has not only helped to meet customer satisfactions but also has helped to prevent mechanical problems that might occur in the future (Strader, 2011). Real time information systems are computer responsive systems that help to detect and give out responses after updating the computer master files with the detected information (Chaki, Nabendu & Cortesi, 2011). For instance, Volvo Corporation installed their vehicles with numerous sensors and central processing units in order to detect information about the performance of the vehicles when the vehicle is in the hands of a customer (Strader, 2011). Whereby, any impending mechanical problems or threat detected is sent back to Volvo Corporation and necessary improvements are made thereafter (Chaki, Nabendu & Cortesi, 2011). In above connection, the implementation of real time information system has enabled the corporation to make continuous quality improvements on the quality of vehicles manufactured (Strader, 2011). This in turn has increased customer satisfactions by responding accordingly to customers needs through utilization of real time information (Chaki, Nabendu & Cortesi, 2011). The company utilizes big data strategy to identify any potential flows that may occur in the future and provide a remedy to the problem before it happens (Strader, 2011). This

English-language films Essay Example for Free

English-language films Essay Many people wonder these days if peoples lives revolve around the choices they make. This is absolutely true. Everyone in this world is responsible for who they are today. Their choices and ideas pave the road for their future. A quote from Confucius says this, Peoples lives are the result of the choices they make-or fail to make. The path one takes in life is not arbitrary. Choices and their consequences determine the course of every persons life. All people, whatever their circumstances, make the choices on which their lives depend. Confucius is absolutely right. It is a well-known fact that if you take wrong turns in life, you will end up in a wrong state. The regular human psychology states that when a person goes and ends up in a bad state, they blame others and most of the time never take responsibility for it. Take a look at this scene, and look carefully cause this happens all the time no matter the circumstances. There is no way and it is impossible for a child who takes drugs, does alcohol, doesnt obey their parents to find themselves at an Ivy-League college. Sometimes, people change their paths along the way and somewhat improve. But if you keep going in the wrong direction for your entire life, you will not get anywhere. Think about the people who are successful in this world. For examples, lets observe Mark Zuckerberg. He is the youngest billionaire in the world. He was focused, he was determined. In fact he was so passionate about programming that he dropped out of Harvard, the number one school in America. He used his talents, worked his choices and made Facebook. Not all of his choices were good. Some were actually bad; some choices actually got him into trouble with others. This is where the trouble comes in. Wait if some of my choices are good, and some are bad, then whats going to happen with my life? Nothing will actually. All that matters is that the majority will overcome the system. If you have more bad than good, you are more likely to take a wrong turn. If you have more good over wrong, you will most likely take a good turn. Even I have taken wrong turns and bad choices. Everyone has. Nobody in this world is perfect. In fact, taking all good choices and all good turns in life ends up as a bad choice. Even though nobody is perfect, its your own self that will determine your future, what you want to become, your status in life. Thats why its good to switch your determination in life if you are on a bad path. Stick with someone and change your mood. Change your attitude, fix your choices, and keep yourself organized. If you are a person reading this essay, lets say about 12 or 13, even 14 to 18. You still have time. You have so much future ahead of you, dont give up hope cause your choices sometimes do tell your future. Sometimes these choices of yours will end you up in a bad place if you dont work hard. A wise person, my own father once told me that it doesnt make you a bad person if you take bad choices. It makes you a bad person if you dont learn from your bad choices. He also told me that if you want to be someone when you grow up, work hard. In elementary, in middle school, and in high school, work hard so that you can build your base for the future. He concluded with me that once you pay off all your duties, go to college, and graduate, you have the rest of your life to enjoy. Whether its doing your dream job, making millions of dollars, then retiring into a large estate. This is called a dream. If you have more good choices in life, your dream will come to. Trust me, its always worked before.

Unless We Acknowledge The Past Essay Example for Free

Unless We Acknowledge The Past Essay In 1967, facing divided military councils and serious domestic opposition to the Vietnam War, the Defense Department commissioned a team of analysts to prepare a secret study of how the United States became involved in the war. The study was intended to give America’s leaders an authoritative, objective account of the war. Parts of the secret study were leaked to the New York Times in 1971, and the newspaper began publishing reports based on these materials. The government sued to enjoin publication, but the United States Supreme Court ruled that the publication could proceed. The New York Times then published a series of articles with supporting documents, which it later issued in book form as The Pentagon Papers. The remarkable feature of The Pentagon Papers is its objectivity. Those who prepared the original study had unlimited access to government documents. Their goal was objectivity. Their work was to be secret, so that they were free of concerns about playing to a public audience. That the government sought to bar publication lent an added imprimatur of candor to the report. In their articles, the New York Times reporters strove for a similarly objective style. Chapter 5 of The Pentagon Papers shows that at a critical juncture, America’s leaders lied to the nation. In 1964, presidential candidate Barry Goldwater promised to get tough with communism. Seeking re-election, President Lyndon Johnson campaigned as a moderate. 1 The Pentagon Papers show that Johnson was secretly widening the war in Vietnam throughout 1964. To do this, he ordered an increasing range of assaults against North Vietnam. When the North Vietnamese finally responded by attacking American destroyers off their coast, Johnson blasted these attacks as â€Å"unprovoked. † He asked Congress for a joint resolution approving increased American participation in the war. A supine Congress complied. With the publication of The Pentagon Papers, Congress would discover how completely it was misled. (Sheehan) Meanwhile, America plunged ahead, fighting in a country where it soldiers were racially unlike the indigenous people, did not speak the native language, and misunderstood the culture. The Los Angeles Times recently reported another coverup. Stories beginning August 6, 2006, reported that the American military knew of killings of civilians in Vietnam, and concealed this information for nearly 40 years. These included several massacre of civilians. Servicemen reported these during the war, only to have the military throw up smoke screens of denial. As in The Pentagon Papers, the Los Angeles Times articles are based on a recently disclosed secret archive detailing attacks on civilians. These documents show that the military frequently issued denials it knew were untruthful, wrongly impugned the credibility of those who reported atrocities, and otherwise strove to maintain secrecy. Again, the credibility of the documents is boosted by the government’s stubborn efforts to keep them secret. One story in the L. A. Times recounts how a young soldier watched as American soldiers carried out gruesome orders to â€Å"kill anything that moves. † (Turse) There was no evidence that any of the nineteen Vietnamese who were killed were combatants or that they resisted the Americans in any way. Confronted with the reports that these soldiers told, the Army suppressed the truth for nearly forty years. (Turse) The United States is now at war in Iraq. As in Vietnam, this is a war of occupation, fighting insurgents from within the indigenous population. American forces are racially distinct from the native peoples. They do not speak the language. They are unschooled in the culture. Already there are reports of killings of Iraqi civilians. Responding, a retired General who helped assemble the secret archive, John H. Johns, supports the disclosure of the incidents in Vietnam in light of alleged incidents in Iraq, saying . We cant change current practices unless we acknowledge the past.

Impact Of Immigration On Australian In Socioeconomic Context Economics Essay

Impact Of Immigration On Australian In Socioeconomic Context Economics Essay This essay will explain the economic, environmental and social impact of immigration on Australia and its role in the future prospects of the country. Studying the country for the group report and presentation we came across how important are the skilled immigrants as an addition to the labour force of Australia. Immigration is an interesting issue as it touches many areas of public life: economics, demographics and even religion. According to OECD around 3% of the people in the globe are migrants. Each country and even regions in a specific country experience migration differently. Therefore this essay with the use of PESTLE analysis to scan the political-legal, economic and environmental impact and Hofstede Cultural dimensions to explain social attributes, will be a focused research on immigration and its effect on the people and the country. The first part gives an inside of the history of migration and the early policies adopted by the country. Part 2 goes on to illustrate the trends over time concerning the migration policies and laws. Part 3 and 4 deal with the environmental and economic impact of immigration respectively. Finally, the social attitude and how are immigrants treated in todays society will be considered. Background Australia being a British colony and closely connected with the Empire, concentrated its early migration policies before World War II in keeping the country white accepting into the country only British and Europeans. However, after World War II migration was high in the agenda of politicians with policies being set in accordance with the needs of the country: allow more non-European skilled immigrants to cover the shortage of labour and expand the manufacturing industry. Their slogan was populate or perish and a large wave of immigrants was accepted in the country. The White Australia Policy was abolished in 1973 and regardless of origin; anyone could become a citizen of Australia being a permanent resident for three years or more. The years to follow will see the policies and laws towards migrants becoming more structured and focused. Significant changes took place aided by globalisation and the easier movement of people. Indeed globalisation and the fact that national events have international effects is one of the drivers of migration. Immigration policies We will analyse the Political and Legal parts (political support and initiative, legislation changes) of PESTLE to evaluate the immigration policies adopted by the governments. The permanent entry and conditions are established by the Australian Government whereas the Department of Immigration and Citizenship is responsible to issue visas under various programs. The size of permanent migration program increased substantially and this is mainly the aftermath of the growing focus on skilled workers. The Skill Stream accounts for 64% of the total Migration Program followed by the Family Stream which accounts for 35.7% and finally the Special Eligibility with 0.3%. In 2008 it was announced by the government that the skilled migration will be more demand driven and therefore more responsive to changes in the demand for labour and the needs of the economy. This was to assist industries facing skill shortages mostly in health and engineering sector. As with demand-driven operating models and especially pull models that support the use of resources as soon as the need arises, the Migration Program adapts policies to respond to the countrys needs. Australia had a brain drain problem for many years with highly skilled workers and professional leaving the country. It can be argued that that is one of the reasons why the Migration Program is so keen in accepting in the country skilled labour. Actually, legislation changes are made to accommodate the new immigrants, for example the removal of fees for English courses. However, concentrating more on the skilled immigrants might be seen as unfair by other categories of migrants as the recent riots have showed at Villawood a detention camp in Sydney. Detainees complained of lengthy waits to have their asylum claims heard. It is argued that those of a genuine need of government protection are not treated as it should. As a matter of fact, Immigration Minister Chris Bowen proposed a new law where any asylum seeker found guilty of an offence would fail to receive a permanent visa. In terms of return to the country, though, and especially the economy, skilled labour contributes more. The number of refugees arriving by boat increased substantially and even though the government tries to accommodate them all this is impossible. Impact of immigration on the environment Moving on to the Environment from PESTLE we will consider the level of pollution and attitudes from the government. Most of Australias geographical area is uninhabited with people concentrated in a small number of specific parts of the country and cities. Australia has one of the lowest population densities of all countries with only 2.92 people per square kilometre. Even though it may seem that Australia land area of 7.7 million square kilometres could support a larger population, this is impossible due to the fact that deserts occupy almost 38% of the country mainly in the centre and western part. The situation worsened with the recent severe floods in the many states. In Queensland alone 200,000 were affected and a mass evacuation took place. Therefore it is obvious that population increases are important to Australia since 75% of the population lives in urban areas with cities like the Australian Capital Territory having the highest population density at 152.5 people per square kilometre. A research of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) showed that 54% of the population increase is due to immigrants. The Optimum Population Trust argues that to sustain the current standard of leaving the optimum population of Australia is 10 million people and 21 million at the lowest possible living standard. The current figure of population 22.5 million people and the projected figure of 36 million in 2050 are high above the optimum set by the organisation. However, it can be argued that natural resources like oil could sustain population pressures if the people, the government and major companies invest in substitutes and new technologies. As far as global warming and greenhouse gas emission are concern Australia is one of the largest polluter of the world with the CO2 emission reaching the outstanding figure of per capita. This and other environmental externalities like congestion may have a deteriorating effect on the living standards of Australians. Environmental deterioration due to increased migration must be weighed against economic impacts when considering the future of the country. Impact of immigration on the economy The Economy from PESTLE analysis seems to be the strongest card of the country. The economic performance of Australia has been remarkable since the economic crisis. This part will concentrate particularly on the impact the skilled immigrants have on the economy of Australia. Overall, larger population means more labour translating in higher gross domestic product and income. However, how this increase is spread across the population and the impact on living standards are not clear given the aggregate measures of GDP and GNI. If we consider GDP and GNI per capita then these are affected by the productivity of the workers and the participation rate. Skilled immigrants affect the supply composition of labour. It is projected in the Commission paper of 2006 that by 2024-2025 and with a modelled 50% increase in the skilled migrants working age share will fall by 0.17% and participation rates will increase by 0.73% due to the cumulative effect of migration. The unemployment rate will increase with the years of residency with the cumulative effect of decreasing unemployment rates of new arrivals early in the period begins to outweigh the higher unemployment rates of new arrivals late in the period, and overall the unemployment rate decreases by 0.03% and hours per worker will rise by 0.05 per week. As expected real gross domestic product was projected to be around 4 per cent higher than otherwise. The annual average income per capita was projected to be $383 higher but not equally distributed. Migrants are expected to benefit more from the increase in average income since the incumbent populations average real wages declined by $334, but income from other sources raised, especially from government transfers due to higher indirect tax revenue, $103 per annum respectively. A higher income per capita means that people will spend more leading to increased tax revenue for the government. The impact of increased skilled labour must by also be considered in the context of different industries and regions. For example in the Western Australia the most important sectors are mining and agriculture which are capital intensive affected mostly by changes in capital stocks rather than labour composition. The immigration increases can address the costs and time associated with the training of domestic labour. However, it may substitute domestic income and discourage the human capital investment of the country. The answer is to make the skilled migrants a compliment to domestic labour rather than a substitute. Peoples attitude towards immigration In order to analyse the social attributes towards immigration the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions will be used in this section. Overall, globalisation made people of Australia today more acceptable of foreigners settling in their country and they are open to the idea of a multicultural society. However, it is evident from the early migration policies discussed on previous section that the government had a discriminating approach towards non-British migrants especially those settlers coming from Asia, in an attempt to perceive the national identity. Many have argued that this attitude was a product of fear that as the British had colonised and decimated the aborigines so will a stronger nation do to them. With globalisation, people began to realise that foreigners settling in their country will be a reality for their everyday life. Ethnic communities were formed and foreigners took part in elections as government officials and academics. In the year 2010 the foreign-born population in Australia was 26.4% of the total population compared to the 3.1% of the world average. In a recent survey carried out by the University of Western Sidney 86.6% of the people asked agreed that It is a good thing for a society to be made up of people from different cultures. Nevertheless 80.1% answer for themselves that they are no prejudiced against other cultures but in the question Is there a racial prejudice in Australia 84.4% agreed. According to Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Australia has the second highest level of individuality of 90 coming behind the United States ranking of 91. Individualism describes the relationships of people and the way the live together. People therefore are expected to take care of only themselves and immediate family maybe that is why Australians may still be suspicious of foreigners. In addition earnings are very important therefore they might feel a threat from the skilled migrants. Critical reflection This essay tried to tackle a very complex and significant issue of Australia. Maybe the analysis would have been more concise if it was concentrated in fewer areas that are affected by immigration. Most of the sources used are from the governments websites but in some parts critics were also evaluated. In addition the presence of International Business Models is not sufficient and more examples of models could have been used. Difficulties were faced in the research when trying to find the most recent statistical data. More independent sources could have been use and more coherent arguments. The results are inconclusive and a more detailed research must be carried out to better assess the question of what is the impact of immigration on Australia. The issue of migration must be set in a wider context taking under consideration a greater number of factors and drivers for example consider also the role of emigration.

Graduation Speech: Lifes Defining Moments :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I was watching a re-run of the "Dr. Phil" show the other day, and he was offering advice to someone who had an anger problem. Dr. Phil asked him to recall the top 10 defining moments in his life, which is where the secret to his anger problem was supposed to lie. So, I began thinking about what are the top ten defining moments in my life? The birth of my daughter was the first thing that came to my mind. She made me a mother, along with a 24-hour worrier and an insomniac. As I began to dwell more on the topic I realized that going to college has not only been one of my defining moments, it has made me who I am. With all the different classes we take Community College, we realize interests we never knew we had. My first three quarters here, I was in the Running Start program, which allowed me to graduate high school while taking college courses. I took a political science class, just to fulfill my American history credit, and I realized I love politics. I never knew I had such a passion for debating heated topics like gun control until the teacher couldn't get me to stop talking in class. psychology taught me that my weird 2-year-old isn't so weird after all. And chemistry taught me that I really don't care for science that much. So, when my friends tell me they aren't going to college because they don't know what they want to do, I ask them how are you ever going to figure it out? As you guys have your celebrations and get-togethers today, I encourage you to think about your first day at Johnson and how you have changed since then. Do you look on the world in a different way, or did college just confirm that this is the person you truly are? On one hand, my viewpoints on topics changed completely, when my professors opened up my eyes to things like discrimination and class-ism, and on other hand some of my beliefs were strongly supported. Throughout school, I had everyone supporting me. When you have a baby young, everyone pressures you to finish school. I'm very proud to say that I continued school, not only for myself, but for my family too. Not because it is what I was suppose to do, although it is what was best for me.

censored :: essays research papers

â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech.†(United States Constitution) However, it seems almost everywhere; many forms of art are being unfairly censored. One such form that is often overlooked as art is music. â€Å"Music is probably the most censored of all art forms†(The Economist; p 73) There are hundreds of artists who have been unfairly censored, ranging from popular music from artists such as Eminem, 2 Live Crew, and NWA, to classical music, such as Mozart’s Figaro. However unfair and unconstitutional this censorship is, the fact is that questionable music and lyrics are encouraging impressionable young children to follow their messages. Rappers like DMX or NWA, preaching gang violence often are â€Å"the straw that breaks the camel’s back,† and finally pushes a child looking for guidance into the world of gangs. The truth is that these children need to be protected from the harsh realities of the world surroun ding them, but is censoring music the right way to do it?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No corporation can exist without authority of government. Government shouldn’t allow corporations that infect and contaminate the minds of children to be allowed to exist.† (Dr. C. Delores Tucker before senate subcommittee). This is one solution that seems to make good sense to many to support the censorship of music. Music of artists such as NWA, who urges their listners to say, â€Å"F*ck the Police,† or Eminem, who says he’ll â€Å"Kill You,† surround children, especially in urban areas. This type of music encourages children to get into drugs and gang violence. In the past eight years, the period in which â€Å"gangsta† rap has been heavily promoted, teenage drug use has increased more than four-fold (Dr. C Delores Tucker). The government is the underlying power that allows corporations to send messages like these to children, and the government is the only resource we can use to stop it. â€Å"Young people ofte n look to performing artists for moral guidance and inspiration as well as entertainment, but when these artists glorify guns and beatings they are injecting poison into the veins of America’s future† (Coretta Scott King). This argument is not isolated to urban areas, or rap music. In fact, hard rock groups have been blamed as the cause of several school shootings. The shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton Colorado was attributed to the music of Marilyn Manson. The most recent shooting blamed on occured in Santee California; the alleged shooter had said that he was listening to Linkin Park’s album, Hybrid Theory the night before the shooting. censored :: essays research papers â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech.†(United States Constitution) However, it seems almost everywhere; many forms of art are being unfairly censored. One such form that is often overlooked as art is music. â€Å"Music is probably the most censored of all art forms†(The Economist; p 73) There are hundreds of artists who have been unfairly censored, ranging from popular music from artists such as Eminem, 2 Live Crew, and NWA, to classical music, such as Mozart’s Figaro. However unfair and unconstitutional this censorship is, the fact is that questionable music and lyrics are encouraging impressionable young children to follow their messages. Rappers like DMX or NWA, preaching gang violence often are â€Å"the straw that breaks the camel’s back,† and finally pushes a child looking for guidance into the world of gangs. The truth is that these children need to be protected from the harsh realities of the world surroun ding them, but is censoring music the right way to do it?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No corporation can exist without authority of government. Government shouldn’t allow corporations that infect and contaminate the minds of children to be allowed to exist.† (Dr. C. Delores Tucker before senate subcommittee). This is one solution that seems to make good sense to many to support the censorship of music. Music of artists such as NWA, who urges their listners to say, â€Å"F*ck the Police,† or Eminem, who says he’ll â€Å"Kill You,† surround children, especially in urban areas. This type of music encourages children to get into drugs and gang violence. In the past eight years, the period in which â€Å"gangsta† rap has been heavily promoted, teenage drug use has increased more than four-fold (Dr. C Delores Tucker). The government is the underlying power that allows corporations to send messages like these to children, and the government is the only resource we can use to stop it. â€Å"Young people ofte n look to performing artists for moral guidance and inspiration as well as entertainment, but when these artists glorify guns and beatings they are injecting poison into the veins of America’s future† (Coretta Scott King). This argument is not isolated to urban areas, or rap music. In fact, hard rock groups have been blamed as the cause of several school shootings. The shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton Colorado was attributed to the music of Marilyn Manson. The most recent shooting blamed on occured in Santee California; the alleged shooter had said that he was listening to Linkin Park’s album, Hybrid Theory the night before the shooting.

Finding Happiness in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Finding Happiness in Great Expectations    Great Expectations is a coming of age novel. This novel is a story of Pip and his initial dreams and resulting disappointments that eventually lead him to becoming a genuinely good man. During his journey into adulthood, Pip comes to realize two diverse concepts of being a gentleman and he comes to find the real gentlemen in his life aren't the people he had thought.    Encouraged by Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook, as a child Pip entertains fantasies of becoming a gentleman. In the eyes of Pip a gentleman is to be wealthy, educated and have a high class, thus Pip's desires. In his mind, Pip has connected the ideas of moral, social, and educational advancement so that each depends on the others. The coarse and cruel Drummle, a member of the upper class, provides Pip with proof that social advancement has no inherent connection to intelligence or moral worth. Drummle is a lout who has inherited immense wealth, while Pip's friend and brother-in-law Joe is a good man who works hard for the little he earns.    Significantly Pip's life as a gentleman is no more satisfying--and certainly no more moral--than his previous life as a blacksmith's apprentice. Pip's desires for educational improvement have deep connections to his social ambition and longing to marry Estella: a full education is a requirement of being a gentleman so he thinks. As long as he is an ignorant country boy, he has no hope of social advancement. Pip understands this fact as a child, when he learns to read at Mr.    Wopsle's aunt's school, and as a young man, when he takes lessons from Matthew Pocket. Ultimately, through the examples of Joe, Biddy, and Magwitch, Pip learns that social and educational improvement are irrelevant to one's real worth and that conscience and affection are to be valued above sophistication and social standing. This new understanding shows Pip who the real gentlemen are.    As Pip grows in age he grows in wisdom and his true identity unfolds as he discovers what it means to be a gentleman. When Pip was young, he knew only of the stereotypical figures of a gentleman. However, Pip comes to the realization that wealth and class are less important than affection, loyalty, and inner worth.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Annotated

The MLA database returned 168 bibliographic entries containing the subject heading ‘Their Eyes Were Watching God. ’ In choosing which entries to include in this annotated bibliography, my objective was to represent as many interpretive approaches to the text as possible in order to illustrate the exponential expansion in the scope of Hurston studies in recent years.Also, because of the condensed time frame of this class, I only reviewed items that are available to UAH students on campus or online, although this criterion excluded several significant critical responses to the novel. Unless otherwise noted, the full texts of all of the articles listed here can be retrieved via EBSCOhost. Ashe, Bertram D. â€Å"’Why Don't He Like My Hair? ’: Constructing African-American Standards of Beauty in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon And Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 29. (Winter 1995): 579-93. Because of the strong social pressure to conform to predefined notions of conventional (read European) beauty that the dominant culture exerts on all American women, Black women have historically been judged as attractive or unattractive according to the degree to which their facial features, hair, and skin color conform to European norms. In Their Eyes, although Hurston describes Janie as having light skin and long hair, Janie does not isolate herself from dark-skinned African Americans.Janie’s hair is linked to her self-esteem and her engagement in the community, and as such, it becomes the battleground of her struggles with Joe Starks. Janie’s choice of hairstyle after Starks’ death (â€Å"one thick braid swinging well below her waist†) can be interpreted as a phallic image that metaphorically refers to her newfound power and self-determination. Brogan, Jacqueline Vaught. â€Å"The Hurston/Walker/Vaughn Connection: Feminist Strategies in American Fiction. † Women's S tudies 28. 2 (1999): 185-201.In positing an interpretive framework for Elizabeth Vaughn’s 1990 novel, Many Things Have Happened Since He Died, Brogan discusses the relationship between Walker’s The Color Purple and Hurston’s Their Eyes. She notes that both novels have been criticized for failing as realistic fiction, both can be interpreted as romances in the vein of Shakespeare’s The Tempest and The Winter’s Tale, and both deal thematically with the ‘awakening’ of an abused female. Curren, Erik D. â€Å"Should Their Eyes Have Been Watching God? : Hurston's Use of Religious Experience and Gothic Horror. † African American Review 29. (Spring 1995): 17-26. Critics have not sufficiently accounted for the complexity of Their Eyes, and many analyses have followed Alice Walker’s contention that Janie is a depiction of â€Å"racial health. † A less biased reading of the text reveals much tragedy and horror that few critic al interpretations have addressed. The novel’s title refers to the incipient slave mentality of African Americans, demonstrated by the field hands’ reversion to enslaved patterns of behavior in the face of the hurricane. Paralleling the figurative system of Hurston’s Mules and Men, God is likened to a slavemaster in the Their Eyes.Hurston subverts gothic conventions in the service of affirming the importance of folklore. Davis, Rose Parkman. Zora Neale Hurston: An Annotated Bibliography and Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1997. This volume presents an excellently balanced and exhaustive compilation of Hurston scholarship through 1996. (Available in UAH Library Reference section; no circulation) Donlon, Jocelyn Hazelwood. â€Å"Porches: Stories: Power: Spatial and Racial Intersections in Faulkner and Hurston. † Journal of American Culture 19. 4 (Winter 1996): 95-111.The porch serves as the point of intersection for â€Å"spatial, social, and r acial† in Southern culture and literature, as exemplified by Hurtson’s Their Eyes and Faulkner’s Absalom! Absalom!. In Their Eyes, porches are equated with the formation of a community voice. Janie’s involuntary exile from the front porch of Starks’ store reflects her alienation from the community and her ensuing loneliness. Starks’ porches also function as a stage on which Janie is displayed. Janie’s life experiences ultimately transform porches from â€Å"dominating ‘places’ to authentic community ‘spaces. † duCille, Ann. â€Å"Stoning the Romance: Passion, Patriarchy, and the Modern Marriage Plot. † The Coupling Convention: Sex, Text and Tradition in Black Women’s Fiction. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. 110-142. This chapter discusses the treatment of marriage in Their Eyes and several other modernist texts by African American women writers. Although many interpretations of the novel agree that Th eir Eyes is largely focused on the issues of love, sex, and marriage, no critical consensus has been achieved as to Hurston’s feelings on these topics.Janie’s epiphanic orgasm under the pear tree is likened to the biblical creation story, with Janie’s act of kissing â€Å"shiftless† Johnny Taylor equated with original sin. Feminist readings of the text that view Their Eyes as a woman’s quest for and achievement of selfhood are problematic because both Janie and the narrator manifest their continued domination by â€Å"patriarchal ideology and romantic mythology† throughout the narrative. (Available in UAH library) Hattenhauer, Darryl. â€Å"Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Explicator 50. 2 (Winter 1992): 111-3.Recent criticism of Their Eyes fails to consider the notion that Janie may be dying of rabies at the end of the novel, which is bolstered by the foreshadowing of her death that occurs throughout the text. Tea Cake bites Janie before he dies, and she seems not to have sought the treatment that eluded Tea Cake. Further, Janie’s shooting of Tea Cake cannot rightfully be termed self-defense in the legal term, since she could have escaped Tea Cake by running away. The imperfect, white-dominated judicial system is partially culpable for failing to recognize this. Haurykiewicz, Julie A. From Mules to Muliebrity: Speech and Silence in Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Southern Literary Journal 29. 2 (Spring 1997): 45-61. Hurston employs the recurrent mule theme in Their Eyes as a means of commenting â€Å"on the disparity between speech and silence in the life of Janie† and her emotional development. The process that occurs in the text is not that of moving from dependence to autonomy, as so many critics have asserted, but rather, a metamorphosis from mule to muliebrity (â€Å"’the state or condition of being a woman’ or possessing full womanly powers†).Significant t raits of mules that figure symbolically in Their Eyes are mules’ mixed parentage and resultant reproductive sterility, mules’ historical role as beasts of burden, and the stubbornness and unpredictability that often characterize mules’ disposition. Hurston depicts mules as subversive trickster figures in Mules and Men, and this association can be extended into Their Eyes. The lack of mule imagery in the second half of the book is simultaneous with Janie’s burgeoning ability to express herself in the community. Hubbard, Dolan. ’. . . Ah Said Ah'd Save De Text for You’: Recontextualizing the Sermon to Tell (Her)story in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 27. 2 (Summer 1993): 167-79. Janie uses techniques of religion-based oral expression to tell her story and valorize extant black culture, a position that was rare among other African American writers in the 1930s. Nanny’s statement to Janie about her own unfulfilled desire to preach is the impetus behind Janie’s narrative. Pheoby undergoes a ‘religious’ transformation in he end of the narrative, and she can be interpreted as Janie’s disciple. Johnson, Maria. â€Å"’The World in a Jug and the Stopper in [Her] Hand’: Their Eyes as Blues Performance. † African American Review 32. 3 (Fall 1998): 401-15. The aesthetic principles of blues shape Janie’s transformation in Their Eyes. Both thematically and structurally, the novel is similar to the songs that African American women like Bessie Smith popularized in the 1920s and 1930s. Blues songs of this era often used bee imagery to connote sexual intimacy and mule imagery to oppression.All of Janie’s love relationships function merely as the vehicle through which she attains selfhood; the men themselves are dispensable. Even Tea Cake can be seen as simply â€Å"a stanza in the blues song which Janie Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsings’ to Pheoby. † King, Sigrid. â€Å"Naming and Power in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Black American Literature Forum 24. 4 (Winter 1990): 683-97. The relationship between naming and power in African American culture and literature is clearly expressed in Their Eyes. Throughout Janie’s life, her voice and development of selfhood have been circumscribed by the names that others have imposed upon her.In the text, naming by others can usually be interpreted as exertion of power and domination. Janie’s transition to autonomy is paralleled by her willingness to rename herself and things around her. Unlike the â€Å"limiting and destructive† naming that characterized her previous relationships, the positive nature of her union with Tea Cake is expressed by their playful and positive use of language together. After Tea Cake’s death, Janie freely renames people and things in her environment, suggesting her fr eedom from the power-based system of naming that had silenced her.Kodat, Catherine Gunther. â€Å"Biting the Hand that Writes You: Southern African-American Folk Narrative and the Place of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching God. † Haunted Bodies: Gender and Southern Texts. Eds. Anne Goodwyn Jones and Susan V. Donaldson. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1997. 319-42. The fact that Janie kills Tea Cake in Their Eyes has not received enough critical attention. Tea Cake’s bite can be interpreted as a manifestation of the tension between the quest for proto-feminist autonomy and the Southern black folk tradition Hurston uses as her mode of exposition in the text.The feminist political agenda has led to widespread resistance to the textual lack of support for characterizing Tea Cake’s and Janie’s union as ideal. Although Janie does gain an authentic voice at the end of the narrative, the inference that she had to trade her life for it problematizes the received interpretive matrix that figures the text as a successful quest for self. (Available in UAH Library) Lowe, John. â€Å"Laughin’ Up a World: Their Eyes Were Watching God and the (Wo)Man of Words. † Jump at the Sun:Zora Neale Hurston’s Cosmic Comedy.Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1994. 156-204. Janie is associated with Janus throughhout Their Eyes, both by being described as figuratively two-headed, looking backward and forward simultaneously, and being symbolically linked to liminal realms such as doors and thresholds. Through folk-based humor, Janie â€Å"magically transforms this communal energy into something constructive and uniting—her story. † As in many ethnic literatures, humor plays the role of â€Å"expand[ing] language† when ordinary methods of discourse are not sufficient to express the complexities of a situation. Available in UAH library) McGowan, Todd. â€Å"Liberation and Domination: Their Eyes Were Watching God and the Evolution of Capitalism. † MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999): 109-29. One element that accounts for the recent critical success of Their Eyes, which was met with mixed reviews by its contemporary critics, is the nascent poststructuralism of the text, most strongly evidenced in the emphasis on play and the decentering of binary systems of thought and language that parallel Janie’s transition to autonomous selfhood.However, recent poststructuralist readings of the novel have not taken into account the full import of Janie’s less-than-ideal relationship with Tea Cake, as well as his death at her hands. These elements of the novel equate liberation with submission, which can be likened to the type of heightened subjectivity that is a hallmark of capitalist society. Ultimately, Janie attains and then quashes her momentary realization that â€Å"in order to achieve freedom one must destroy that which refuses loss. † Racine, Maria J. Voice and Interiority in Zora Neale Hurston's T heir Eyes Were Watching God. † African American Review 28. 2 (Summer 1994): 283-93. Hurston’s use of free indirect discourse allows her to render fully the internal thought processes of those characters who have not yet achieved an external speaking voice, most notably, Janie. In a narrative that is focused thematically on the achievement of selfhood as emblematized by voice, this is a necessary narrative strategy. Rather than undermining Janie’s incipient voice, as Stepto and others have famously ontended, Janie’s strategic silence at her trial is a manifestation of the fusion of the voices of Janie and the narrator, heretofore distinct. Janie has assimilated the wisdom and insight of the narrator’s voice and she can now access it as she chooses. Sheppard, David M. â€Å"Living by Comparisons: Janie and her Discontents. † English Language Notes 30. 2 (December 1992): 63-76. A psychoanalytic reading of Their Eyes reveals the ‘Godâ€℠¢ of the book’s title to be a manifestation of a classic Freudian father figure.Hurston’s education during the years in which Freudianpsychoanalytic theory first became widely disseminated in the academy virtually assures her exposure to its tenets. Killicks, Starks, and Tea Cake are all manifestations of the controlling father figure conflated in the text with God. By opposition, Janie is forced into a suspended childhood that precludes her emotional development. Trombold, John. â€Å"The Minstrel Show Goes to the Great War: Zora Neale Hurston's Mass Cultural Other. † MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999): 85-108.Their Eyes can be read as emphasizing the importance of folk culture and oral tradition to the sustainment of Black culture, almost to the exclusion of all other factors. In later writings, she modifies this view to recenter Black oral tradition as the cultural heritage of the nation as a whole, as evidenced by her inclusion of white characters in her last publish ed novel. Walker, Alice. â€Å"Looking for Zora. † In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens: Womanist Prose. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. 93-116.

Imagination vs Reality in Literature Essay

Arent gr experience-ups supposed to read realistic legend? What good atomic number 18 these ill-considered tales, any stylus? ( spoiled 200). In creator Vandana Singhs A Speculative pronunciamento, she describes how important speculative legend is in the education of students in literature. Speculative fiction is combination of several different genres of literature, such(prenominal) as mystery, science fiction, historical fiction and fantasy. Vandana Singh asks in her manifesto if education is establish on the truth then why non discard the old myths, legends, tall tales, and their modern font counterparts, as we discard other juvenile things (200).Vandana Singh believes that both children and adults need the literature for their sight. In the manifesto, she describes who liking allows us as humankind to dream. Although science fiction and fantasy puke in like manner help peerlesss with their visual modality, through and through our imagination we shtup make up cl ever concept-experiments, through asking what-if read/write heads and attempt to answer them (202). tally to Vandana Singh, speculative fiction allows us to question our lives and live out possible futures ahead we come to them (202).Speculative fiction and libber literature can be intertwined in concert to make stories as well. Vandana Singh parts a sound of these two literature genres in localize to write her unforesightful story The muliebrity Who persuasion She Was A artificial satellite. Although these two genres may be viewed as two take apart pieces of literature, Vandana Singh uses her imagination and her background in her Indian culture to create the story. In one of Vandana Singhs pocket-sized stories, The Woman Who cerebration She Was A orbiter, she uses her speculative fiction beliefs and her imagination to describe a story nearly a woman acquittance through changes.This story starts off at the kitchen slacken where Ramnath Mishra is partaking in h is usual morning turn of until nowts when his married woman announced, I know at last what I am. I am a planet (39). Shocked and deep in thought(p) nearly his married womans announcement, Ramnath believed that his wife, Kamala, had hitherto lost her mind. Ramnath believed that the alone way for his wife to get better was to phone the doctor, however Kamala did non think she was ill. Kamala states to Ramnath, I am a planet. I used to be a human, a woman, a wife and mother (40).Ramnath could non understand how he did not actually know the soulfulness whom he has lived with for the past forty years, she looked comparable a stranger (43). He thought that a planet has to be an breathless object circling a star and that thither was no way Kamala, a human, could be a planet (40). Living in an Indian culture, Ramnath was exceedingly embarrassed by his wifes actions. She constantly tried and true to undress her clothes because she believed that planets do not need a sari. As R amnath exposit how his cracking aunt went mad, what a grievous dishonor the family had suffered, what indignity (41).He worried that Kamala was way out to create great embarrassment, not only for him but for his familys name as well. At night, Ramnath found himself wishing Kamala dead, even began plotting different ways for going about killing her, he could not live akin this (46). One evening, as Kamala was sleeping, Ramnath noticed that she seemed to be coughing something up, which was exciting for Ramnath because he believed that she was going to die on her own, without his help. Moments later, Ramnath observed some jelly-like substance coming out of her mouth.He realized that this substance was made up of small, moving things (47). These aliens began pouring out of Kamalas mouth attacking Ramnath, but not waking Kamala. In the morning, still sc ard by what happened last night, Ramnath laid in bed until his wife woke up. Once awake, she explained that if she knew what was calamity she would have explained to these creatures not to hurt him. Kamala explained to Ramnath that these creatures were inhabitants and reminded him that she is a planet.Kamala then went on to describe how the young inhabitants were trying to colonized and asked Ramnath to be a planet with her. Kamala explained to Ramnath that a planet needs insolate My journey is just beginning (50). Later, Ramnath and Kamala went on a walk, where Kamala ran into the park where there was a man selling balloons, which she is fascinated by. later on being captivated by the way the balloons floated into the sky when letting them go, Kamala began slowly and majestically procession over the ground (52).Her clothing late began to fall from the sky, as she was rotating and floated higher and higher. For a moment Ramnath almost envied her as she floated into the starts, he ran into the star sign and as he went to scream, the insectoids were already marching up his back, over his get up and into his terrified, open mouth (54). In an interview, Vanadana Singh was asked what her woo to speculative fiction was, her response being, the scoop up speculative fiction demands a assurance of imagination and a vastness of oscilloscope that no other literature can offer (Tan).In Vandana Singhs short story, The Woman Who Thought She Was A Planet, it is shown that her imagination was used enormously in distinguish to not only come up with the story, but to use such great detail. Speculative fiction, with its aliens and magic and warp drives, specialise against the backdrop of the universe itself. (Manifesto 203). In the interview, Vandana Singh also adds that the sense of wonder that speculative fiction evokes, the involvement with ideas, and the fact that it provides a two-way reflect for looking at the world one wonders why everyone doesnt read the glut (Tan).Not only does Vandana Singhs short story, The Woman Who Thought She Was A Planet, use great imagination, it also incl udes the truths behind the Indian culture in marriage. The man of the house is the leader of the family. Also this story shows how it is extremely embarrassing for a woman to not only get nude in public, but in the house. The Woman Who Thought She Was A Planet is a grand ideal of a piece of feminist literature. Feminist Literature is described as a question of womens routine in society and complex conceptions of gender.In this short story, it shows that Kamala was trying to become her own woman. She believed that there were inhabits inside of her. She routinely act to take her clothing off, which infuriated Ramnath and also embarrassed him to an extreme end. An additional example of how The Woman Who Thought She Was A Planet was used for feminist critique is that it shows that in other cultures besides our own, woman are always trying to be themselves and not have to be held down to the norms that are expected of them.Although in this story Kamala may not have been able to com e across her actions completely, it shows the way the Indian culture views large number when they act out and how one little action can be viewed as such an embarrassment. Works Cited Singh, Vandana. A Speculative Manifesto. Framingham n. p. , 2008. 200-04. Print. Singh, Vandana. The Woman Who Thought She Was a Planet And Other Stories. New Delhi, India Zubaan, in coaction with Penguin India, 2008. 39-54. Print. Tan, Charles. The World SF Blog. The World SF Blog. The World SF Blog, 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. .

Development of Architecture during the Industrial Revolution

IntroductionThe industrial mutation is nonpareil of the ample alterations in human history. It starts in the center of 18 century in Britain and go oning until now.Before the re in the altogethering, in that location were no metropoliss merely sm tout ensemble told towns. To acquire from one sm apiece town to another multitude utilize galloping Equus caballus, which was the principal(prenominal) and fastest transit of that sever. For protrude of plurality the agribusiness was dominant. When industrial revolution Begins, agribusiness and hand- look at been stopped.Thingss that describes the period of industrial revolution are innovations of travel engine, sear anhttps//phdessay.com/positive-and-negative-effects-of-the-industrial-revolution/d Fe. Everything is changed when James Watt created a travel engine in 1769. c hop up of steam engine provided Britain with an industrial advocate. Factories, cloths and railwaies could be whatsoever(prenominal)place.( Louis Augu ste Blanqui, historical channel.com.au ) .Invention of Fe by Derby Family could non go on without steam engine. Smelting of Fe by wood coal was expensive procedure. Abraham Derby discovered, that alternatively of utilizing coal, chiffonier change it with coke. The resulted merchandise is cast Fe. charitable of the industrial Revolution , World Wide Web, hystoryworld.netBesides Fe industry, in that location was a development of fabric production, because fabric is the grassroots demands. Food and cotton merchandises were light and easier to carry to divergent metropoliss. Location of Britain was beloved for water governance conveyances. We know, that Britain is non from sea from any parts. This was the thing that makes the transit of goods easier. . at that place was already bing of webs of canals. Human of the Industrial Revolution , World Wide Web, hystoryworld.netDuring this clip changes the production of goods. Now alternatively of utilizing hand-made merchandises, appa ratuss started replacing salient number. For exercise in cloths and industries, machine could replace 5-6 people. This is chief hurt of the Industrial Revolution, when authorities starts discontinuing unneeded geters.Inventions of Industrial revolution period influenced to the economic dodging growing. It is creative per carcassance of incompatible machine tools, utilizing of Iron in industry.Industrial revolution changed everything and including com adorner architecture every bit good. Industrial revolution truly affected on architecture. in that respect was no demand of fancy architecture any longer. Peoples started excogitate more industrial type, which is more utilizable instead than black letter buildings. Beautiful gothic edifices were knowing to affect people. In that period some people was already on industrial side, started planing simple gimmick. At the same clip some people went fend for to the old architectural fashion and brought them back. thence i n that respect were motions as Gothic resurgence and prowess Nouveau. When people started planing with industrial head they had many pick of design their house. (The richness of Industrial Revolution in Archietcture ) . (hypertext murder protocol //www.fablablima.com)Producing of Fe influenced on architecture. One of groovy exemplifications of architecture of industrial period is lechatelierite castling by Joseph Paxton ( 1850-1851 ) . Joseph Paxton studied and experienced Fe and water iceful, round of fall ining these constituents together to plan a giving edifice.BodyThe motion of Gothic mien architecture was non accidently. Those motions were against industrial revolution. They precious to convey back the handed-down manner of architecture. The watch crystal castle in relation to Gothic Revival and humanistic disciplines and trade motions in architecture is new manner of design of that clip. Gothic resurgence is architectural motion, which was establish in England. Its been a remake of tralatitious edifice manner of Middle Ages . Gothic manner edifices are genuinely heavy and cosmetic. Structure made of rock and brick. artistry Nouveau motion has same characteristics as Gothic motion, much(prenominal) as symmetrical forms and signifiers, enjoyment of arches and heavy morphologic system.( Jackie Craven, Art Noveau computer architecture. architecture.about.com )The vitreous silica castling is on of the nifty edifices of Industrial period, which represent new way in architecture. One of edifice that represent revolutionized architecture. When architecture locomote from traditional manner to the new legal community. This twisting is illustration of how people started sing assorted types of stuffs, alternatively of structure the edifices by masonry and rock and maximising the interior immortals. It is a design of lightweight and pocket-size-priced edifices. This was the measure when architecture of industrial period marked the beg inning of new sort of architecture. It plays a large function in a history of architecture.The watch crystal Palace was a chicken feed and dramatis personae Fe mental synthesis. The construction was built in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1850 the explosive charge were locomotion to take a design for the construction, which will peril the latest engineering and invention from around the introduction Great Exhibition of the plants of industry of all Nations . The military mission demands wasEconomy and maximising the exhibition infiniteSpaces for circulationSpaces for response, categorization and show of goods.Position from the inside.In three hebdomads commission received more 250 plants from Australia, Belgium, Netherlands, Hanover, Hamburg, France. just now the commission rejected all the plants. Largely all the work was brick and masonry morphologic designs. simply there was Fe and field glass design by Hector Horeau. The commission rejected it every b it good, because of the make up of the undertaking. ( The vitreous silica castle, p12 )Already known designer and nurseryman Joseph Paxton presented his sight and construct to the commission. Before Joseph already had an experience with combination of dramatis personae Fe, glass and laminated wood in his Chatsworthhouse edifice, which was made of glass. The larges glass house of that period. He experienced the thought extend and- furrow hood system in Charsworthhouse, later on he apllied this system in Crystal Palaces design.Josephs design was based on faculty with the sizes 10inch x 49 inches, which is size of larges glass available that clip. The construction consisted of right-angled trigons, which were supported by Fe beams and pillars. The length of right-angled trigons was for 564 m. These basic constituents of the construction were light, strong and easy to construct. afterwardsward Joseph submitted his drawings and computations, the commission authorize the low co st design.The construct of continue-and-cap house was lily flowers. Paxtons repute as nurseryman was high, he wanted to lily bloom to be grown in England. He takes attention of flowers. Later it became a construct for the roof system in Crystal Palace. In edifice of the glass house, there was an issue with ridge-and furrow roof. codswallop construction required more light, but because of structural members of roof ( trusses, purlins ) edifice does non acquire dawn and eve beams. To avoid this job he created the methods of glass roofing, which calls ridge and furrow . The rule and constructs of the roof was to acquire forenoon and eventide seeable radiation without any limitation. accordingly the spectacless were placed in specific place. He tried and true this thought in his Green house . afterwards it was applied to the Crystal Palace. ( The Crystal castle, p29 )The roof of transept is curved from exterior. In structure of this roof the support was made curve lumbers. C olumns supported on from each one arched lumber. The transept roof besides following the construct of ridge-and-furrow roof. It was constructed in a level mode, but following the form of arched lumber. The scope of the arches had louvered framed spread which allow inactive airing for the edifice.Hollow columns of the construction support the roof. The roof itself looks level. It has ridges and furrows, because of rise and autumn of them is little, roof looks level. Truss span of the roof 24 pess from each other and this spanning were supported by light beams or balks. These balks call Paxtons privy , because he created the system of utilizing the balk as a trough. The favors are when it rains, H2O running from the surface of the roof to Paxtons gutter . From there H2O goes to the chief trough, which is connected to the fag columns and passes down to drainage. ( The Crystal Palace, p.36 ) merely later on roofing system gets a job, because of non handiness of good quality buildin g stuffs. On of the disadvantages was leaking largely from all of the parcel of land of the large edifice. This job could non be solved.In footings of maximising the infinite dramatis personae columns had advantages compare to masonry columns of traditional architecture, because it could transport the same burden as masonry columns. Cast Columns such(prenominal) slimmer than masonry columns and can supply more unfastened indoor infinite. When the bottleneck was complete the interior exhibition infinite was tremendous. Because there were no solid walls, merely the lithesome columns back uping the ego weight.On of the of import advantage of the structural frame plants, that cast Fe was low in monetary value comparison to traditional carven rock. The columns of the Crystal Palace consist of reservoir, where the all the drain H2O collects from the roof. This drain H2O is uncommitted in state of affairs of fire or for agribusiness. ( The Crystal Palace, p18 ) .The great tallness of t he edifice was separate into 3 narratives. Where are the dramatis personae Fe columns in each narratives have different tallness. In lower tarradiddle columns tallness is 19 pess and for first and 2nd stem is 17 pess. Between the columns the girders have same abstruseness and sizes. They look similar and give an feeling of fretwork. and then building does non look heavy.This demoing how great strength whitethorn be combined with elegance and lightness( The Crystal Palace, p35-36 ) .Joseph Paxton designed his Victorian house in such a manner, so the edifice retains wet and gets magnificent natural lighting every season of the twelvemonth. But the mechanical and natural merchandises, which were in the edifice, were destroyed because of wet. after(prenominal) this experiment with Victorian House , it was experience for him to make new design to avoid those issues for Crystal Palace. ( The Crystal Palace, p 32 ) .An of import advantage in building of Crystal Palace takes machiner y. Paxton used different types of cut machines ( Punching machine, Iron boring machine, Adzing and be aftering machine ) . Al the machines powered by steam engine. house painting machine reservoir make fulling with the pigment, so it runs on surface of the frame. It constructed in a manner so unneeded wad could be cleaned. One of the machines he used for framed wall. The frames being cut in machinery with the precisely same dimensions, after this glass was put into the frame. The glass sashes been designed in manner so in summer can be removed. Since the work is done by machine, people did non worry that portion might non fit with each other. ( The Crystal Palace, p51 ) In pre-industrialized period constructing been by human trades without machines. Therefore it is harder and building takes long clip to be completed. The society of Art awarded Paxtons sash-bar machines in 1841 with decoration. These types sash-bar machines started utilizing in other portion of the state. In presen t clip sash-bar design was interpreted from Paxtons machine.The large challenge of The Crystal Palace was to keep the normal temperature indoors. Because the map was exhibition, there would be 1000s of people. Heat bring forthing by people and the heat coming from exterior was the chief issue. Already in that clip Joseph Paxton cleverly designed the external blending devices. Direct Sun visible radiation does non acquire, visible radiation is filtered and it becomes really soft. Another manner of response of heat transportation was to do airing system. He designed airing system for wall and story. Puting prefabricated lovers on the wall provides hot air flight. For shocking system board were placed 1 cm unconnected from each other. It was smartly designed inactive design. atmosphere could go indoors. ( Wikipedia ) . This is the 1 of the great illustration when people started believe of climatic response. Design the infinite, which will smartly work, instead than planing it for ornament.In footings of spacial planning, Paxton provided refreshments infinites for people during the exhibition. There are infinites with unfastened tribunals and trees. There was no need of doing solid enclosures, so the construction does non lose the elation. The trees of the northwestern entryway were besides for refreshment intent. Spaces were enclosed by sash-glazed dividers about similar as exterior glass panels. Suites of the edifice was designed that can acquire more natural lighting and airing. Partitions that separate the suites give the edifice really light consequence. ( The Crystal castle, p.36 )In 1936 on 30ThursdayNovember Crystal Palace was set on fire. In one hr the edifice was destroyed. North Transept was burned. government activity non insured to cover the rebuilding. Because the cost was about 2 million lbs. That clip Welby Pugin laminitis of Gothic Architecture called this edifice Glass Monster . He told Paxton You had repair guard to constructing green houses, and I will maintain mu churches and cathedrals . Many other designers started criticizesCrystal Palace. Many books and articles was written after the destruction. Thomas Carlyle called it Big glass soup buble . But in these missive yearss Crystal Palace benn called early Modern Architecture and became a case in point for many edifices such as commercial message edifices in Europe and America. Crystal Palace became a symbol of industrial revolution, strength and economic- industrial power of England that clip. (Manpret Singh, The destruction Of Crystal Palace 1926-1941 .www.digital.lib.umb.edu.com)DecisionThe chief thought of this essay was to demo the effectivity of industrialise methods of building of Crystal Palace in underground to Gothic resurgence manner and Art Noveau, which represents traditional architecture. The chief points areThe chief difference is that Crystal Palace represents new manners of design, where edifices do non pay to be so heavy. The intent is ec onomical usage of infinite. For illustration slender columns allow holding large indoor infinite comparison to masonry columns.Using of different types of machines. create can be completed in curtly period of clip.Low cost and handiness of dramatis personae Fe.Smart designed construction in response to climatic facets. As was already mentioned above, Paxtons trough system, which collects the rain H2O in specific reservoir. Drain H2O is useable in instance of fire or for agribusiness.Less utilizing of unreal lighting, because of glass stuff.Passive airing design. Louvered wall system and flooring system, where the blocks spacing is 1 cm. , which allows the infinite, breathe.The Crystal Palace was the great illustration of new manner of architecture. It was a measure frontward from the traditional architecture. The structural system of Crystal Palace we can motionless utilize in our clip. It was a case in point for future edifices. Already experient dramatis personae Fe and glass. After the destruction, people know how to avoid those jobs. Test it and do it work better, but the chief construct is based on Crystal Palace skeletal system. Therefore nowadays we have improved skeletal constructions.My model is that this type of architecture is more utile, comparison to traditional. In footings of infinites, how could it be better and lighter by utilizing the different types of stuffs? But at the same clip it can transport the similar burden.It was the clip when people started accept of different design, forms and signifier. When people started believing of low cost constructions and sing of different stuffs except brick and rock. When people started believing of chances prosecuting with environing and climate facets of those sorts of constructions. Which is did non be for traditional type of architecture. Gothic and humanistic disciplines and trades edifices are more concentrating to demo the importance of it. Even the ornaments, which are non utile.There might be disadvantages of Industrial Revolution, but the chief advantage is measure for the hereafter with industrial head.